Standard architecture, also known as traditional or classical architecture, is a design style common in Western countries that takes inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman design. It prioritizes symmetry, proportion, clarity, and the use of durable materials. In this article, we will discuss the ABCs of building design using standard architecture.
Access refers to the way in which people enter and leave a building. In standard architecture, the main entrance is often emphasized by using a grand staircase, a porch, or columns. It is located on the building's most prominent side and is often indicated by a pediment or portico. A secondary entrance is typically located at the rear or sides of the building but is still given attention to make sure it is well-defined and aesthetically pleasing.
Balance in standard architecture is crucial because it helps to harmonize the building's elements. Symmetry is often used to create balance, with each side of the building being a mirror image of the other. This is particularly evident in classical portfolio designs, such as the White House in Washington D.C. However, asymmetrical designs can also achieve balance by placing visually heavier elements to one side to offset something lighter on the opposite side.
Standard architecture's classical elements are the basis for its design. These elements include columns, entablatures, cornices, pediments, and the use of pilasters to imitate columns. The most common types of columns are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Doric columns have a plain design, while Ionic columns are characterized by their use of volutes (scroll-like decorations) at the top. Corinthian columns are the most ornate, with acanthus leaf decorations at the capital.
Attention to detail is essential in standard architecture. This style of architecture requires precise and accurate construction techniques, with each element seamlessly integrating with one another. Moldings, brackets, arches, and keystones are examples of standard architecture details that add character to the building. Moldings, for instance, can be used to add a decorative edge to walls or to accentuate transitions between different parts of the building.
Standard architecture prioritizes exterior features as they are the face of the building. The most common exterior features include roofs, windows, shutters, and doors. The roof's pitch is usually steep and visible from the building's front, making it an essential feature. Windows are also significant; they are often symmetrically placed, with simple designs featuring grids or shutters. Doors are typically wooden, with decorative panels and moldings.
The facade is the building's front or main-facing side, which is an essential part of a structure's design. The facade often reflects the building's formal composition, and it is the part that the public would see. It serves to give the first impression, and for that reason, it should be balanced, symmetrical, and have a clear hierarchy of elements that create an overall harmonious design.
Standard architecture has a preference for using durable, long-lasting materials such as stone, brick, and timber. These materials are used since ancient times and are characterised by being low-maintenance and easy to maintain. These materials are typically used in their raw form, eschewing paint and other coverings that could fade or peel over time.
Harmony in standard architecture is achieved through balance, scale, and proportion. Harmony exists when all the elements of the building are in agreement with one another. It is achieved when every element - from the columns, cornices, doors, and windows - has the right proportion and is aesthetically pleasing. When achieving harmony, designers imitate what the original classical builders did – create a beautiful, symmetrical and precise design that could bring a feeling of serenity and beauty to the world around them.
Standard architecture is a design style that has stood the test of time because of its emphasis on classical elements, proportion, balance, and harmony. Its design principles are intended to create beautiful buildings that are both well-structured and aesthetically pleasing. These design principles resonate with the simple beauty of nature, and that’s why they have inspired architects for centuries. If you are looking to design a beautiful building that will stand the test of time while embodying these principles, consider using standard architecture.
